Ubuntu20.04上软件安装笔记

发表于 2026-01-26 更新于 2026-02-06 分类于 linux

Ubuntu20.04上软件安装笔记，包含：OpenCV，Pangolin，G2O，cloc，hiredis，redis及mysql等。

1.opencv

（1）安装依赖

1	>> apt install -y libgtk-3-dev ffmpeg libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libavresample-dev libtbb-dev libopenblas-dev libatlas-base-dev liblapack-dev

（2）源码安装：默认根目录在/root/software下

# 1.下载源码
>> wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/refs/tags/3.4.20.zip
# 2.解压源码
>> unzip 3.4.20.zip
# 3.重命名
>> mv opencv-3.4.20 opencv
# 4.下载contrib模块
>> wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/refs/tags/3.4.20.zip
>> unzip 3.4.20.zip && mv opencv_contrib-3.4.20 opencv_contrib
# 5.编译
>> cd opencv && mkdir build
>> cmake \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
    -DBUILD_DOCS=OFF \
    -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
    -DBUILD_JASPER=OFF \
    -DBUILD_OPENEXR=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF \
    -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PROTOBUF=OFF \
    -DBUILD_opencv_apps=OFF \
    -DBUILD_opencv_dnn=OFF \
    -DBUILD_opencv_ml=OFF \
    -DBUILD_opencv_python_bindings_generator=OFF \
    -DENABLE_CXX11=ON \
    -DENABLE_FAST_MATH=ON \
    -DWITH_EIGEN=ON \
    -DWITH_FFMPEG=ON \
    -DWITH_TBB=ON \
    -DWITH_OPENMP=ON \
    -DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/root/software/opencv_contrib/modules \
    ..
>> make -j 18 && make install
# 6.添加环境变量
>> vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf
/usr/local/lib
# 7.更新系统动态库链接缓存
>> ldconfig

2.pangolin

# 1.安装依赖项
>> apt install -y libglew-dev
# 2.下载源码
>> git clone https://github.com/stevenlovegrove/Pangolin.git && cd Pangolin && git checkout eab3d3449a33a042b1ee7225e1b8b593b1b21e3e
# 3.编译安装
>> mkdir build && cd build
>> cmake \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
    -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_DEPTHSENSE=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_FFMPEG=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_LIBDC1394=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_LIBJPEG=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_LIBOPENEXR=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_LIBPNG=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_LIBTIFF=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_LIBUVC=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_LZ4=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_OPENNI=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_OPENNI2=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_PLEORA=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_PYTHON=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_TELICAM=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_UVC_MEDIAFOUNDATION=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_V4L=OFF \
    -DBUILD_PANGOLIN_ZSTD=OFF \
    ..
>> make -j 16 && make install
# 4.更新系统动态库链接缓存
>> ldconfig

3.g2o

# 1.安装依赖
>> apt install -y libatlas-base-dev libsuitesparse-dev
# 2.下载源码
>> git clone https://github.com/RainerKuemmerle/g2o.git && cd g2o && git checkout 20230223_git
# 3.编译安装
>> mkdir build && cd build
>> cmake \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
    -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
    -DBUILD_UNITTESTS=OFF \
    -DG2O_USE_CHOLMOD=OFF \
    -DG2O_USE_CSPARSE=ON \
    -DG2O_USE_OPENGL=OFF \
    -DG2O_USE_OPENMP=OFF \
    -DG2O_BUILD_APPS=OFF \
    -DG2O_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
    -DG2O_BUILD_LINKED_APPS=OFF \
    ..
>> make -j 16 && make install
# 4.更新系统动态库链接缓存
>> ldconfig

4.cloc

# 1.工具安装
>> apt -y install cloc
# 2.使用方法: cloc path/to/project
>>  cloc ./
     346 text files.
     322 unique files.
     112 files ignored.

github.com/AlDanial/cloc v 1.82  T=0.31 s (772.8 files/s, 376372.4 lines/s)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Language                     files          blank        comment           code
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C++                             83           3507           2956          85001
C/C++ Header                   105           2775           4334           9713
CMake                           34            293            437           1624
make                             4            820            379           1543
C                                2            121             75            539
Bourne Shell                     5            153            402            148
Markdown                         2             37              0             73
XML                              1              0              0             13
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUM:                           236           7706           8583          98654
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.hiredis

# 1.下载源码
>> git clone https://github.com/redis/hiredis.git
# 2.编译安装
>> cd hiredis && make -j 16 && make install
# 3.更新系统动态库链接缓存
>> ldconfig
# 4.版本号验证
>> pkg-config --modversion hiredis
1.3.0

6.redis

6.1 redis安装

# 1.安装依赖库
>> apt install -y tcl tcl-dev
# 2.下载源码
>> wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-7.2.4.tar.gz
# 3.解压源码
>> tar -zxvf redis-7.2.4.tar.gz && mv redis-7.2.4 redis
# 4.编译及测试
>> cd redis && make -j 16 && make test
# 5.安装到系统路径
>> make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
# 6.添加系统环境变量
>> vim ~/.zshrc
export REDIS="/usr/local/redis/bin"
export PATH=$PATH:$REDIS
>> source ~/.zshrc

6.2 redis配置

# 1.创建配置文件目录
>> mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/conf
>> mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/data
>> mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/log
# 2.复制并修改配置
>> cp /root/software/redis/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/
# 3.修改配置文件，修改内容见后面的表
>> vim /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf
# 4.启动服务
>> redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf

找到以下配置行，修改为对应值（注释掉的去掉 #，值不对的修改）：

配置项	修改后的值	说明
`daemonize`	`yes`	后台运行 Redis（否则终端关闭后 Redis 停止）
`bind`	`0.0.0.0`	允许所有 IP 访问（测试 / 单机场景，生产需改为具体内网 IP）
`protected-mode`	`no`	关闭保护模式（否则仅本地可访问）
`port`	`6379`	Redis 端口（默认 6379，保持不变即可）
`dir`	`/usr/local/redis/data`	Redis 数据存储目录（对应步骤 5.1 创建的目录）
`logfile`	`/usr/local/redis/log/redis.log`	日志文件路径（方便排查问题）
`requirepass`	`your_password`	（可选）设置 Redis 密码（生产环境必加，测试可省略）

修改完成后，按 Ctrl+O 保存，Ctrl+X 退出 nano。

6.3 redis使用

（1）验证启动状态

# 方式一：查看redis进程
>> ps -ef | grep redis-server
root      183727  174987  0 16:32 ?        00:00:00 redis-server 0.0.0.0:6379
root      183851  174991  0 16:33 pts/11   00:00:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg --exclude-dir=.svn --exclude-dir=.idea --exclude-dir=.tox --exclude-dir=.venv --exclude-dir=venv redis-server
# 2.客户端连接测试
>>  redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> PING
PONG

（2）停止redis

# 1.未设置密码
>> redis-cli shutdown
# 2.设置了密码
>> redis-cli -a <your_password> shutdown

6.4 redis-cluster配置

6.4.1 主机配置

(1) 生成基础配置

# 1.创建文件夹
>> mkdir redis-cluster && cd redis-cluster
# 2.拷贝一份配置文件
>> cp /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf ./
# 3.修改配置
>> vim redis.conf
dir .
bind 0.0.0.0
requirepass 123456
protected-mode no
port 8400
pidfile redis-8400.pid
logfile redis-8400.log
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes-8400.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
appendonly yes
daemonize yes
maxmemory 10g

(2) bash批量生成对应配置

for port in 8400 8401 8402 8403 8404 8405; do
  cp redis.conf redis-${port}.conf;
  if [ $port -ne 8400 ]; then
    sed -i "s/8400/${port}/g" redis-${port}.conf;
  fi;
  /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server redis-${port}.conf;
done

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli --cluster create 127.0.0.1:8400 127.0.0.1:8401 127.0.0.1:8402 127.0.0.1:8403 127.0.0.1:8404 127.0.0.1:8405 --cluster-replicas 1 -a 123456

执行后：

Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

(3) 测试一下

# 1.登录8400节点
>> redis-cli -c -h 192.168.89.64 -p 8400 -a '123456'
192.168.89.64:8400> set mirror 123
-> Redirected to slot [15439] located at 127.0.0.1:8402
OK
# 2.退出连接后，更换一个节点来获取结果
127.0.0.1:8402> exit
>> redis-cli -c -h 192.168.89.64 -p 8401 -a '123456'
192.168.89.64:8401> get mirror
-> Redirected to slot [15439] located at 127.0.0.1:8402
"123"

(4) 停止服务

for port in 8400 8401 8402 8403 8404 8405; do
  redis-cli -c -h 192.168.89.64 -p $port -a '123456' shutdown
done
rm *.log
rm *.pid
rm nodes-*.conf
rm *.rdb
rm -rf appendonlydir

6.4.2 docker部署

(1) 创建配置存放路径

# 1.创建资源根目录
>> mkdir redis-cluster && cd redis-cluster && chmod -R 777 ./
# 2.获取路径
>> pwd
/data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster
# 3.创建虚拟网卡
>> docker network create redis-network
# 如果需要删除网卡，可以使用如下命令
>> docker network rm redis-network

(2) 生成配置文件

创建create.sh文件，并将下面内容拷贝进去，并运行：

1	>> chmod +x create.sh && ./create.sh

create.sh文件内容如下：

for port in $(seq 6379 6384); 
do 
mkdir -p /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf
touch /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
cat  << EOF > /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
port ${port}
requirepass 1234
bind 0.0.0.0
protected-mode no
daemonize no
appendonly yes
cluster-enabled yes 
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip  10.124.132.23
cluster-announce-port ${port}
cluster-announce-bus-port 1${port}
EOF
done

有两个地方需要注意：cluster-announce-ip需要改成你主机的ip，daemonize需要改为no，否则容器内redis后台启动，docker会认为进程已退出，直接触发容器重启。创建文件目录结构如下：

>> tree
.
├── create.sh
├── redis
│   ├── node-6379
│   │   ├── conf
│   │   │   └── redis.conf
│   │   └── data
│   │       ├── appendonlydir [error opening dir]
│   │       └── nodes.conf
│   ├── node-6380
│   │   ├── conf
│   │   │   └── redis.conf
│   │   └── data
│   │       ├── appendonlydir [error opening dir]
│   │       └── nodes.conf
│   ├── node-6381
│   │   ├── conf
│   │   │   └── redis.conf
│   │   └── data
│   │       ├── appendonlydir [error opening dir]
│   │       └── nodes.conf
│   ├── node-6382
│   │   ├── conf
│   │   │   └── redis.conf
│   │   └── data
│   │       ├── appendonlydir [error opening dir]
│   │       └── nodes.conf
│   ├── node-6383
│   │   ├── conf
│   │   │   └── redis.conf
│   │   └── data
│   │       ├── appendonlydir [error opening dir]
│   │       └── nodes.conf
│   └── node-6384
│       ├── conf
│       │   └── redis.conf
│       └── data
│           ├── appendonlydir [error opening dir]
│           └── nodes.conf

(3) 启动对应节点

创建start.sh脚本文件，并运行：

1	>> chmod +x start.sh && ./start.sh

start.sh文件内容如下：

for port in $(seq 6379 6384); \
do \
   docker run -it -d -p ${port}:${port} -p 1${port}:1${port} \
  --privileged=true -v /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf \
  --privileged=true -v /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/data:/data \
  --restart always --name redis-${port} --net redis-network \
  --sysctl net.core.somaxconn=1024 redis redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
done

注意挂载路径和你创建的路径保持一致

(4) 创建集群

# 1.进入容器
>> docker exec -it redis-6379 bash
# 2.创建集群
>> redis-cli -a 1234 --cluster create 10.124.132.23:6379 10.124.132.23:6380 10.124.132.23:6381 10.124.132.23:6382 10.124.132.23:6383 10.124.132.23:6384 --cluster-replicas 1

6.4.3 docker多机部署

和前面不同，虚拟网卡仅存在于单台 Docker宿主机内部，不同机器上的容器无法通过该网桥互相通信，这时可以使用宿主机网络Host模式：现在假设需要在两台主机上部署6个节点，每台机器上需要部署3个节点：

(1) 创建网络配置

# 1.创建配置存放路径：
>> mkdir redis-cluster && cd redis-cluster && chmod -R 777 ./
# 2.获取配置存放根目录，方便后续映射路径
>> pwd
/data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster
# 3.创建脚本
>> vim create.sh && chmod +x create.sh
# 4.生成配置
>> ./create.sh

create.sh脚本内容如下：

for port in $(seq 6379 6381); 
do 
mkdir -p /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf
touch /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
cat  << EOF > /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
port ${port}
requirepass 1234
bind 0.0.0.0
protected-mode no
daemonize no
appendonly yes
cluster-enabled yes 
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip  10.124.132.23
cluster-announce-port ${port}
cluster-announce-bus-port 1${port}
EOF
done

(2) 启动三个节点

# 1.创建脚本
>> vim start.sh && chmod +x start.sh
# 2.启动节点
>> ./start.sh

start.sh脚本内容如下：

for port in $(seq 6379 6381); \
do \
   docker run -it -d \
  --privileged=true -v /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf \
  --privileged=true -v /data/project/jingyu/redis-cluster/redis/node-${port}/data:/data \
  --restart always --name redis-${port} --net host \
  redis redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
done

由于使用host模式，这里无需做port映射。

(3) 同样的方式在另外一台服务器上启动三个节点
(4) 创建集群

# 1.进入容器
>> docker exec -it redis-6379 bash
# 2.创建集群
>> redis-cli -a 1234 --cluster create 10.124.132.23:6379 10.124.132.23:6380 10.124.132.23:6381 10.124.132.16:6379 10.124.132.16:6380 10.124.132.16:6381 --cluster-replicas 1
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 10.124.132.16:6381 to 10.124.132.23:6379
Adding replica 10.124.132.23:6381 to 10.124.132.16:6379
Adding replica 10.124.132.16:6380 to 10.124.132.23:6380
M: a79eeb4564c564b93043e6a2b3187f931bf1f11f 10.124.132.23:6379
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: 32945c041c174632c5d448143fc440da91a67e5a 10.124.132.23:6380
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: 345e489c0aa0e84644ffb853b0bb6381a92872c4 10.124.132.23:6381
   replicates 6cbf25f8f3de92b6a135bc0caf2daf5192858979
M: 6cbf25f8f3de92b6a135bc0caf2daf5192858979 10.124.132.16:6379
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
S: 1c834fb401e8a1fe4fd5273731224088c915e9c7 10.124.132.16:6380
   replicates 32945c041c174632c5d448143fc440da91a67e5a
S: 1c295466bf89a355b6f9455600e04e15ea9a651e 10.124.132.16:6381
   replicates a79eeb4564c564b93043e6a2b3187f931bf1f11f
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
.
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 10.124.132.23:6379)
M: a79eeb4564c564b93043e6a2b3187f931bf1f11f 10.124.132.23:6379
   slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: 1c834fb401e8a1fe4fd5273731224088c915e9c7 10.124.132.16:6380
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 32945c041c174632c5d448143fc440da91a67e5a
M: 6cbf25f8f3de92b6a135bc0caf2daf5192858979 10.124.132.16:6379
   slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: 1c295466bf89a355b6f9455600e04e15ea9a651e 10.124.132.16:6381
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates a79eeb4564c564b93043e6a2b3187f931bf1f11f
M: 32945c041c174632c5d448143fc440da91a67e5a 10.124.132.23:6380
   slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
   1 additional replica(s)
S: 345e489c0aa0e84644ffb853b0bb6381a92872c4 10.124.132.23:6381
   slots: (0 slots) slave
   replicates 6cbf25f8f3de92b6a135bc0caf2daf5192858979
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

这样就成功了。

(5) 验证集群

>> redis-cli -c -h 10.124.132.23 -p 6379 -a 1234
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
10.124.132.23:6379> set mirror cjy
-> Redirected to slot [15439] located at 10.124.132.23:6380
OK
10.124.132.23:6379> get mirror
-> Redirected to slot [15439] located at 10.124.132.23:6380
"cjy"

7.mysql

# 1.拉取镜像
>> docker pull mysql:8.0
# 2.挂载数据卷
>> docker volume create mysql-data
# 3.启动容器
>> docker run -d \
  --name mysql \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  -v mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_HOST=% \
  -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
  --restart=always \
  mysql:8.0 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# 4.进入mysql
>> docker exec -it mysql bash
# 容器内登录MySQL，输入之前设置的密码
>> mysql -uroot -p
# 5.创建一个表
mysql> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS dev_db 
CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 
COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
# 6.查看所有数据库
mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| dev_db             |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| webdb              |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 7.指定数据库
mysql> USE dev_db;
# 8.创建表格
mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
mysql> CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户唯一主键，自增',
  `username` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名，唯一',
  `password` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'crypt加密后的密码（SHA-512加密后约94位，留余量）',
  `create_time` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间，默认当前时间',
  `update_time` DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间，自动更新',
  `is_deleted` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '逻辑删除：0-未删，1-已删',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE KEY `uk_username` (`username`) USING BTREE COMMENT '用户名唯一索引，防止重复注册',
  KEY `idx_create_time` (`create_time`) USING BTREE COMMENT '创建时间索引，方便按时间查询'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci COMMENT='用户信息表';